Psittacosis in Budgerigars | Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Psittacosis is a highly infectious and potentially deadly disease that affects a wide range of birds, particularly budgerigars. Caused by the organism Chlamydia psittaci, psittacosis is neither a virus nor a bacterium, but a unique microorganism that poses serious risks to both birds and humans.

One of the biggest challenges with psittacosis in budgerigars is that many birds can carry the infection without showing any visible symptoms. These asymptomatic carriers may intermittently shed small amounts of the organism in their droppings, nasal secretions, or feather dust. Stress often triggers the disease in these birds, increasing the risk of spread throughout the aviary.

Transmission occurs through:

  • Contaminated droppings
  • Feather dust and dander
  • Nasal discharge
  • Contact with wild birds, such as pigeons

Psittacosis

Symptoms of Psittacosis in Budgerigars

Psittacosis symptoms in budgies can vary widely. While some birds may show no symptoms at all, others experience rapid deterioration. Key signs include:

  • Sudden death without warning
  • Mild to severe nasal discharge
  • Green or watery diarrhoea
  • Lethargy and fluffed-up feathers
  • Off-colour appearance
  • Difficulty breathing

In symptomatic cases, birds often die within 3 to 6 days of showing initial signs. A confirmed diagnosis of psittacosis requires laboratory testing of droppings or tissue samples from deceased birds. Diagnosis and immediate action are essential to prevent further spread.

Psittacosis Treatment in Budgies

If psittacosis is suspected, isolate all birds immediately and restrict access to the bird room. Bird owners should wear personal protective equipment (PPE) including overalls, boots, and face masks to minimise the risk of zoonotic transmission.

Treatment requires administration of Terramycin Soluble Powder 5.5%, available via your avian vet. The powder is mixed into drinking water and given continuously for 40 days as the only source of hydration. A fresh solution must be prepared every two days for the treatment to remain effective.

Treatment Regime and Biosecurity Guidelines

After treatment begins, infected birds will continue shedding Chlamydia psittaci for approximately 10 days. A strict hygiene protocol must be followed:

  • Deep clean the bird room on day 14 of treatment
  • Clean again 5 days before treatment ends
  • Do not allow visitors into the bird room
  • Do not buy, sell, or introduce new birds
  • Do not attend bird shows or other fanciers’ aviaries

Following these rules helps prevent transmission of psittacosis via birds, clothing, or equipment. Birdkeepers must take responsibility to protect both bird health and public safety.

Psittacosis and Human Health

Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can transfer from birds to humans. Most human infections occur after inhaling dust or aerosolised particles from infected droppings or secretions. Less commonly, transmission may occur via bird bites or beak-to-mouth contact.

Human psittacosis symptoms may include:

  • Fever and chills
  • Dry cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Muscle aches and fatigue
  • Headache

Symptoms typically appear 5–14 days after exposure. Although treatable with antibiotics, early diagnosis is critical. Bird owners, breeders, and anyone working with birds should always follow safe handling practices.

Preventing Psittacosis in Budgerigars

Prevention is the best defence against psittacosis in birds. To minimise risk:

  • Maintain excellent hygiene in all bird-keeping areas
  • Quarantine new birds for a minimum of 30 days
  • Perform regular health checks and droppings tests
  • Use PPE when handling sick birds
  • Clean and disinfect cages, food and water containers regularly

The Budgerigar Council of South Australia (BCSA) recommends all bird fanciers be familiar with psittacosis risks and response procedures. Prompt treatment, good record keeping, and biosecurity awareness protect not only your flock, but also your family and fellow fanciers.

Final Thoughts

Psittacosis is a serious and highly infectious disease that affects both birds and humans. In budgerigars, it can spread silently and lead to rapid mortality if left unchecked. With the right management, treatment, and preventive measures, you can reduce the risk and ensure a healthier environment for your birds.

Stay informed, act early, and always consult an avian vet if you suspect psittacosis in your aviary.

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